Read the 2017 Oregon Cannabis Guide!
The Mercury's Annual Mini-Magazine of All Things Weed Is Here
Two Promising New Cannabis Products Disappeared from Oregon Shelves. What Happened?
Drip Ice Cream and Luminous Botanicals Discuss the Speed Bumps in Oregon’s Maturing Market
Weed on the Teevee!
The Depiction of Cannabis on Television Has Matured in a Lot of Ways—But in Others, It Really Hasnât
Please Shut Up About Indica Versus Sativa
Youâre Starting to Sound Like You Donât Know What Youâre Talking About
Decarb Your Weed the Easy Way with the Nova Decarboxylator
(Don’t Worry, We’ll Explain What Decarboxylating Is)
The Wonders of Working Out with Weed
What Do Fitness Experts Say? What Does the Science Say?
One Personâs Junk Is Another Personâs Treasure
A New Line of Edibles Offers a Backlash to the Backlash
Donât LaughâDabs Are as Artisanal as Any Wine or Beer
High-End Dabs Made in Oregon and Washington Will Blow You Away
Blunt Language
A Stoner Crossword Puzzle
Blunt Language Crossword Answers
(No Cheating.)
âAre you looking for an indica, a sativa, or a hybrid?â
Anyone who has walked into a legal weed store has heard this question. The majority of pot stores divide their products into these groups, and people who buy weed are used to the distinctionâitâs older than the pot shops themselves. Supposedly, indica sedates and sativa uplifts. But hereâs the thing: Thatâs all bullshit.
The differences between indica and sativa plants are physical. Indicas are short and squat and supposedly come from the mountains of Pakistan. Sativas are tall and thin and supposedly come from the tropics. But according to Ethan Russo, a board-certified neurologist and one of the countryâs leading cannabis researchers, these outward physical attributes have no bearing on predicting what kind of high youâll experience.
âYou cannot tell the effects a plant will have based on its shapeâthe shape of its leaflets, its size, or how tall it is,â Russo says. âWhat we really should be homing in on is the chemical composition of the plant.â
Looking at a tall pot plant and deciding that smoking its flower will uplift you is like deciding how sweet an apple variety is by examining its tree trunk in June. Wouldnât it make more sense to decide the appleâs qualities by tasting its fruit in September?
Thatâs what Russo is advocating forâlooking at what is actually in the pot flower to try to predict how it will affect you. There is scientific evidence that certain strains produce wildly different effects, and each strainâs specific effects are complicated by each individual personâs mood, body chemistry, and environment. Thatâs partly why the indica versus sativa distinction is pervasiveâit offers an easy delineation when the reality is complicated.
But we do know this: There are hundreds of active chemicals in weed, called cannabinoids and terpenes, that work together to get you high. Cannabinoids interact with your brainâs endocannabinoid system; THC and CBD are the most commonly known cannabinoids, but close to a hundred others have been identified. Terpenes are aroma compounds found in all plants, and thereâs growing evidence that potâs terpenes play a big role in psychoactivity.
Scientists are just starting to understand how these terpenes affect people and have begun attributing effects to individual terpenes. For example, alpha-pinene, a terpene that smells like pine needles, has been found to induce alertness and memory retention. Limonene, which smells like citrus, can elevate your mood and may be anticarcinogenic.
Both terpenes and cannabinoids can be precisely quantified with simple laboratory tests. Providing these lab reports to consumers would be a big step toward more informed shopping. But itâs more complicated than seeing a terpene on a lab report and being able to predict that strainâs effect. Alpha-pinene might produce alertness by itself, but thereâs evidence that each individual chemicalâs effect is mitigated and changed by other chemicals in the strain. Jeffrey Raber, a chemist with a PhD from University of Southern California and the scientific director of Bellevue, Washingtonâs WERC Shop cannabis lab, explained this at a panel on terpenes at Seattleâs Hempfest in August.
âYou canât extrapolate too far from what basic science has done with only one terpene. Itâs really whole cannabis compositions that we need to start to understand better,â Raber said. âTerpinolene is known to be a sedative, but itâs typically found with an energetic effect. By itself it might have one response that the rat or rabbit has in a lab, but together with many other terpenes and cannabinoids itâs a very different physiological response.â
Another speaker on the panel, Alison Draisin, CEO of Seattleâs Ettalewâs Edibles, predicted that the indica versus sativa distinction is on its way out.
âAs we move forward, there will be no such thing as sativa or indica,â Draisin said. âItâs going to be about education and teaching people to go for the effect rather than go for the term sativa or indica.â
I think it will be stubbornly difficult to move past the indica-sativa paradigm. Arbitrary distinctions are tough to shed, especially when the alternative is complicated and not well understood. But a messy alternative based on real science is superior to an arbitrary distinction made up by ill-informed people who sold pot during its prohibition.